ASTM A178 ERW Steel Pipe
ASTM A178 Electric-Resistance-Welded (ERW) Steel Pipe
ASTM A178 specifies the requirements for electric-resistance-welded (ERW) carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel boiler and superheater tubes. These welded tubes are intended for use in boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues, and safe ends. They are manufactured from hot-rolled steel.
Types and Grades
ASTM A178 includes several grades, each tailored to specific applications, with variations in chemical composition and mechanical properties. The common grades are:
- Grade A
- Grade C
- Grade D
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition for each grade is as follows:
| Element | Grade A (% Max) | Grade C (% Max) | Grade D (% Max) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.06 – 0.18 | 0.35 | 0.27 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.27 – 0.63 | 0.80 – 1.15 | 0.29 – 1.06 |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties required for ASTM A178 are specified as follows:
| Property | Grade A | Grade C | Grade D |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 325 (Min) | 485 (Min) | 415 (Min) |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | 180 (Min) | 275 (Min) | 240 (Min) |
| Elongation (%) | 35 (Min) | 30 (Min) | 30 (Min) |
ASTM A178 ERW Pipe/Tube Cruch Test:
| Steel Grade | WallThickness of Tubes, in. [mm] | Heightof Crushed Section, in. [mm] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade A Tubes | Grade C and D Tubes | ||
| ASTM A178 | 0.135[3.43] and under | 3/4[19] or until outside folds are in contact | Crushtests not required |
| Over0.135 [3.43] | 11/4 [32] | … | |
Comparison Tables (ASTM °CKS, JIS, DIN, BS, NBN, NF, UNI):
| ASTM STANDARD | UNS NO. | KOREA/JAPANES | GERMAN | BRITISH | BELGIAN | FRENCH | ITALIAN | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KS/JIS Symbol | KS/JIS Numbe | Remarks | DIN Type | DIN Number |
Materiral Number |
Remarks | B.S Number |
B.S Grade | NBN Type | NBN Grade | Remarks | AFNOR Type | NF Number | Ramarks | UNI Type | UNI Number | Ramarks | |||
| A 178 C-Steel Electric-Resistance-Welded Boiler Tubes |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Grade A | K01200 | STBH 340/ STB 35 | D3563 / G3461 | St 37.8 | 17177 | 1.0315 | (7) | 3059 | ERW 320 | (3) | (3) | |||||||||
| Grade c | K03503 | SHBH 410 / STB 42 | D3563 / G3461 | St 42.8 | 17177 | 1.0498 | (7) | (3) | (3) | |||||||||||
Dimensions and Tolerances
ASTM A178 tubes are available in various sizes, with the following common dimensions:
- Outside Diameter (OD): 12.7 mm to 114.3 mm (0.5 inch to 4.5 inches)
- Wall Thickness (WT): 1.24 mm to 3.05 mm (0.049 inch to 0.12 inch)
The permissible variations in dimensions are as follows:
- Outside Diameter: ±0.4 mm (±0.016 inch)
- Wall Thickness: ±10%
- Length: The length tolerance is dependent on the specified length; typically, standard lengths are available up to 24 feet.
Testing Requirements
Several tests are performed to ensure the quality and integrity of the ASTM A178 ERW steel pipes:
- Flattening Test: This test evaluates the ductility and strength of the pipe by flattening a section of the tube.
- Flare Test: This test determines the pipe’s ability to withstand deformation without developing defects.
- Hydrostatic Test: A pressure test ensures that the welded seam and the pipe body can withstand the specified pressure without leakage.
- Nondestructive Electric Test: This test detects imperfections along the weld seam and the pipe body.
Applications
ASTM A178 ERW steel pipes are widely used in:
-
- Boilers: Tubes are used in boiler systems for steam generation.
- Superheaters: Tubes withstand high temperatures and pressures in superheater sections.
- Heat Exchangers: Tubes facilitate heat transfer in various industrial applications.
- Safe Ends: Tubes are used in safe ends for high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
Advantages
- Cost-Effective: ERW process is economical, reducing material and manufacturing costs.
- High Efficiency: The welding process is highly efficient, producing a continuous weld that is both strong and uniform.
- Versatility: Suitable for a range of applications in high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
Conclusion
ASTM A178 ERW steel pipes are essential for industries requiring reliable, high-quality boiler and superheater tubes. Their specific chemical and mechanical properties, combined with rigorous testing standards, ensure their performance in demanding applications.
ERW Steel Pipe(Electric Resistance Welded Pipe), A53 ERW Pipe, ERW Carbon Steel Pipe Product Details of ERW steel pipe Pipe End: square ends (straight cut, saw cut, and torch cut). or beveled for welding, beveled, Surface: Lightly oiled, Hot dip galvanized, Electro galvanized, Black, Bare, Varnish coating/Anti rust oil, Protective Coatings (Coal Tar Epoxy, Fusion Bond Epoxy, 3-layers PE) Packing: Plastic plugs in both ends, Hexagonal bundles of max. 2,000kg with several steel strips, Two tags on each bundle, Wrapped in waterproof paper, PVC sleeve, and sackcloth with several steel strips, Plastic caps. Test: Chemical Component Analysis, Mechanical Properties (Ultimate tensile strength, Yield strength, Elongation), Technical Properties (Flattening Test, Bending Test, Hardness Test, Impact Test), Exterior Size Inspection, Hydrostatic Test, NDT TEST ( ET TEST, RT TEST, UT TEST) For ERW Line Pipe For ERW Casing For ERW Structure Tube For High pressure and high temperature
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